Economics both describes the way economic forces work and studies the effi ciency, or ineffi ciency, that results. These two aspects of economics have probably never been wholly separated, and it is debatable how far it is possible or desirable to separate them. The question will ultimately be answered by evaluating these different theoretical methods in terms of the results they deliver.

The theory of economic effi ciency uniquely incorporates problem of ideals of good conduct and welfare; in short, of morals and ethics. "Preface to Social Economics" presents thumbnail sketches describing the growth of our awareness of social problems over the past century. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the sciences, both natural and social, made us aware of many factors governing our behavior. With the discovery of controllable external social causes, the responsibility for problems (and change) shifted from the individual to the group.

Studies of industrial accidents are an example. When it was learned that the number of injuries per hour increases with the length of the working day and with the absence of mechanical safeguards, it led to a demand for shorter hours, safety laws, and compulsory accident insurance. Similarly, as we begin to understand the connection between the rate of interest with booms in building, unemployment ceases to be a matter of individual responsibility and becomes a problem for business and society. This classic book, initially published in 1936, illumines a growing knowledge of controllable causes of social evils.

"John Maurice Clark" was a long-time professor of economics at Columbia University. Th e editors of this volume "Moses Abramovitz" and "Eli Ginzberg" were both students of Clark, and prepared this volume under his direct supervision.

This book addresses the social, political and economic turbulence in which the UK is embroiled. Drawing on Cultural Studies, it explores proliferating crises and conflicts, from the multiplying varieties of social dissent through the stagnation of rentier capitalism to the looming climate catastrophe. Examining arguments about Brexit, class and ‘race’, and the changing character of the state, the book is underpinned by a transnational and relational conception of the UK. It traces the entangled dynamics of time and space that have shaped the current conjuncture. Questioning whether increasingly anti-democratic and authoritarian strategies can provide a resolution to these troubles, it explores how the accumulating crises and conflicts have produced a deepening ‘crisis of authority’ that forms the terrain of the Battle for Britain.

This book addresses the social, political and economic turbulence in which the UK is embroiled. Drawing on Cultural Studies, it explores proliferating crises and conflicts, from the multiplying varieties of social dissent through the stagnation of rentier capitalism to the looming climate catastrophe. Examining arguments about Brexit, class and 'race', and the changing character of the state, the book is underpinned by a transnational and relational conception of the UK. It traces the entangled dynamics of time and space that have shaped the current conjuncture. Questioning whether increasingly anti-democratic and authoritarian strategies can provide a resolution to these troubles, it explores how the accumulating crises and conflicts have produced a deepening 'crisis of authority' that forms the terrain of the Battle for Britain.

This work, published in 1864, is the 'popular edition' of John Clark Marshman's account of the missionaries William Carey, William Ward and Joshua Marshman (his father), originally published in 1859 in two volumes as The Life and Times of the Serampore Missionaries. It documents the lives of the three main Serampore Missionaries from their humble origins and conversions to the Baptist Church to their pioneering work in Western Bengal. This shorter edition nevertheless contains a wealth of detail on the administration and politics of colonial India, on the experiences of the missionaries and in particular their efforts in advancing education among the indigenous people. It covers the founding of schools and later the renowned Serampore College, the missionaries' Bible translations into various languages including Bengali (Bangla) and Chinese, and their efforts to promote literacy in indigenous languages. Ward's pioneering study of Hinduism is also reissued in this series.

Originally published in 1982 Resource-Based Learning for Higher and Continuing Education was written with the needs in mind of educationists who are responsible for the support of resource-based learning in higher and continuing education. The rationale for this mode of learning is explored and the implications for an institution seeking to provide teaching and learning resources which may well be used by an individual student. To place the reviews of the techniques that follow into a working context, a brief case-history of the Dundee College of Education Learning Resources Project, a major implementation of resource based learning in higher education is presented. The accent throughout the book is on the practical aspects of resource provision. Special attention is given to the problems inherent in the initial preparation by teaching staff of such items as manuscripts for printed works and shooting scripts for visual materials. Economic methods of production and reliable and effective means of presentation for audio-visual materials are also considered, both for use within institutions as well as by home-based students.

Originally published in 1982 Resource-Based Learning for Higher and Continuing Education was written with the needs in mind of educationists who are responsible for the support of resource-based learning in higher and continuing education. The rationale for this mode of learning is explored and the implications for an institution seeking to provide teaching and learning resources which may well be used by an individual student. To place the reviews of the techniques that follow into a working context, a brief case-history of the Dundee College of Education Learning Resources Project, a major implementation of resource based learning in higher education is presented. The accent throughout the book is on the practical aspects of resource provision. Special attention is given to the problems inherent in the initial preparation by teaching staff of such items as manuscripts for printed works and shooting scripts for visual materials. Economic methods of production and reliable and effective means of presentation for audio-visual materials are also considered, both for use within institutions as well as by home-based students.

Over 400 recent finds associated with horses and excavated in London, from the utilitarian to the highly decorated, illustrated and discussed. Whether knight's charger or beast of burden, horses played a vital role in medieval life. The wealth of medieval finds excavated in London in recent years has, not surprisingly, included many objects associated with horses. This catalogue illustrates and discusses over four hundred such objects, among them harness, horseshoes, spurs and curry combs, from the utilitarian to highly decorative pieces. London served by horse traffic comes vividly in view. The introductory chapter draws on historical as well as archaeological sources to consider the role of the horse in medieval London. It looks at the price of horses and the costs of maintaining them, the hiring of 'hackneys' forriding, the use of carts in and around London, and the work of the 'marshal' or farrier. It discusses the evidence for the size of medieval horses and includes a survey of finds of medieval horse skeletons from London. It answersthe key questions, how large a 'Great Horse' was, and why it took three horses to pull a cart. This is a basic work of reference for archaeologists and those studying medieval artefacts, and absorbing reading for everyone interested in the history of the horse and its use by humankind. JOHN CLARK is Curator (Medieval) at the Museum of London.

"Objects & Materials" is one of four titles in the "Mad About Science" series. This is a bright, colourful series designed to help Key Stage 2 children (7-11s) develop their scientific skills and knowledge, mainly by learning at home in support of their National Curriculum classroom studies.Each book is packed full of easy-to-perform experiments illustrating basic scientific theories and processes. No special equipment is needed for the experiments; everything required can easily be found in the average home. As well as the experiments there are lots of Amazing Facts and Did You Know? boxes to intrigue and amaze.The books are fun and stimulating and make science truly accessible and enjoyable.

Yakuba Gowon was born in 1934 and became Head of State in Nigeria in 1966. After successfully commanding the armed forces of the Federal Government during the Civil War 1967-70, he guided the reconstruction of the country for a further five years. He was deposed in a coup in 1975. First Published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Economics both describes the way economic forces work and studies the effi ciency, or ineffi ciency, that results. These two aspects of economics have probably never been wholly separated, and it is debatable how far it is possible or desirable to separate them. The question will ultimately be answered by evaluating these different theoretical methods in terms of the results they deliver. The theory of economic effi ciency uniquely incorporates problem of ideals of good conduct and welfare; in short, of morals and ethics. Preface to Social Economics presents thumbnail sketches describing the growth of our awareness of social problems over the past century. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the sciences, both natural and social, made us aware of many factors governing our behavior. With the discovery of controllable external social causes, the responsibility for problems (and change) shifted from the individual to the group. Studies of industrial accidents are an example. When it was learned that the number of injuries per hour increases with the length of the working day and with the absence of mechanical safeguards, it led to a demand for shorter hours, safety laws, and compulsory accident insurance. Similarly, as we begin to understand the connection between the rate of interest with booms in building, unemployment ceases to be a matter of individual responsibility and becomes a problem for business and society. This classic book, initially published in 1936, illumines a growing knowledge of controllable causes of social evils. John Maurice Clark was a long-time professor of economics at Columbia University. The editors of this volume Moses Abramovitz and Eli Ginzberg were both students of Clark, and prepared this volume under his direct supervision.

This title is a comprehensive account of the key aspects of medical leadership. A highly accessible, text book-style resource, it explores how the medical profession has evolved in tandem with administrative and structural aspects of the NHS. Assuming leadership roles at all stages of their training and career is a progressively vital component of the definition of a good doctor. This book will provide invaluable support and guidance to anyone engaged in leadership within the NHS, but particularly to junior doctors in the primary and secondary care arenas taking on leadership roles for the first time.

Simple, concise, and up-to-date, the "International Dictionary of Banking and Finance" lists thousands of key words, terms, acronyms, and proper names that bankers, financial managers, students, and business teachers use every day. Arranged in alphabetical order, the terms are precisely defined--so that readers may comprehend the meanings in terms of daily business activities or study. Designed with the student as well as the executive in mind, the "Dictionary" includes terms and concepts from around the world, and it cross-references related terms to provide insight and clarification. Subjects covered include: investments; finance; commercial and mortgage banking; exporting; business structure; and a host of other broad business categories.

This book takes an interdisciplinary look at environmental protection during Poland's transition to market democracy. The contributors are recognised experts in their fields, making this an authoritative volume, combining the perspectives of economists, legal scholars, political scientists and sociologists.

This book takes an interdisciplinary look at environmental protection during Poland's transition to market democracy. The contributors are recognised experts in their fields, making this an authoritative volume, combining the perspectives of economists, legal scholars, political scientists and sociologists.

"International Dictionary of Insurance and Finance" is an efficient and useful book for business professionals, consumers, business students, insurance professionals, and corporate risk managers. All aspects of international insurance, including life, health, property, casualty, marine, disability, business interruption, copyright and trademark protection, and a host of other insurance topics, are covered. Arranged in an easy-to-use alphabetical format, the "Dictionary" provides definition, explanation, and illustration of each term. The "Dictionary" is also multi-disciplinary, covering a number of related terms in finance and investments.

Possibly the most important anthology ever published, this definitive collection features key works by such famous Australian poets as Gavin Milton, Arnold Wordsworth, Sylvia Blath, Very Manly Hopkins, R.A.C.V. Milne, and Dylan Thompson.

John Clarke is an Australian comedy genius--born, of course, in New Zealand.

Very few institutions have contributed to the cultural life of the nation in the way that Rugby School has done. Pioneering religious leaders, educators, authors and philosophers, whose influence has been felt in spheres ranging from the Olympic games to education, were themselves profoundly influenced by their time at Rugby.This book is designed to provide a rigorous yet practical engagement with key questions surrounding faith, philosophy, science, culture and social progress by celebrating the life and thought of these Rugbeian cultural leaders and social pioneers, with an exploration of their continued relevance to contemporary discussions.With contributions from some of the most distinguished historians, philosophers, social and religious commentators writing today - John Witheridge, John Clarke, Anthony Kenny, David Urquhart, Robin Le Poidevin, A N Wilson, Andrew Vincent, A C Grayling, Jay Winter, Ian Hesketh and David Boucher - this is a book which set outs to explore and enrich discussion of the most important and enduring questions of the modern age.

John Clark Marshman (1794 1877) was an English missionary and civil servant who developed a fascination with the history of India after his long service in the country. Marshman emigrated with his missionary parents to India in 1799, settling at Serampore in West Bengal. With his father he founded the first Bengali magazine in 1818, and the first English magazine in India in 1821. After serving as a staff member at Serampore College and as the Official Bengali Translator for the Government, Marshman left India in 1855 and returned to England. This volume, first published in 1876, contains a condensed edition of Marshman's acclaimed History of India. He provides an overview of Indian history, providing details of the most powerful medieval kingdoms and the creation and administration of the East India Company. This volume also provides insights into contemporary theories concerning the prehistory and creation of various Indian states.

A distinctive and original analysis of how the politics of the UK and the lives of British citizens have evolved in the first decades of the twenty-first century, this book provides an interdisciplinary critical examination of the roots, ideology and consequences of austerity politics, the Brexit vote and the rise of populist politics in Britain. Bringing together case studies and perspectives from an array of international researchers across the social sciences, it dissects the ways that the UK has become increasingly contested with profound differences of geography, generation, gender, 'race' and class, and considers agency as a key concept to understand the links between austerity and Brexit.

Social policy and human geography are intimately intertwined yet frequently disconnected fields. Whilst social policies are always conceived, implemented and experienced in and through geography, the role of place in social policy scholarship and practice is frequently overlooked. Bringing together experts from both fields, this collection illuminates the myriad of ways that human geography offers rich insights conceptually, empirically and methodologically into the neglected spatialities of policy scholarship, practice and experience. By building the necessary bridges towards a spatial social policy, this book enables the enhanced design, performance and understanding of social policies once properly rooted in their multiple spatialities.

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Victorian Brackley was sometimes called Sleepy Hollow. Compared to many other places, growth in numbers was modest, but beneath the surface, there were extraordinary scandals and power struggles, some of which reached the national press. Above all, there was a great physical transformation involving the construction of a new Vicarage, Church Schools and Manor House, together with the restorations of St Peter's Church and the College Chapel. This book investigates great Brackley characters such as Francis Thicknesse and Tommy Judge and the power struggle between Church and Chapel, Liberal and Tory. Finally it tells the story of the arrival of the Great Central Railway and the appearance of new forces in the decade before the First World War. Written by a leading authority on the history of the area, this richly illustrated volume recounts the remarkable transformation of this Northamptonshire town during the Victorian age.

This title is a comprehensive account of the key aspects of medical leadership. A highly accessible, text book-style resource, it explores how the medical profession has evolved in tandem with administrative and structural aspects of the NHS. Assuming leadership roles at all stages of their training and career is a progressively vital component of the definition of a good doctor. This book will provide invaluable support and guidance to anyone engaged in leadership within the NHS, but particularly to junior doctors in the primary and secondary care arenas taking on leadership roles for the first time.

This practical book provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of all aspects of the commercial production of blackberries and their hybrids, covering plant growth and development, cultivar description and selection, propagation, pruning, soil and water management, postharvest management, economics and marketing, and pest identification and management. Cultivated blackberries are a relatively new crop, but with new cultivars and cultural practices they are now grown and available worldwide. Production regions have expanded internationally due to innovative methods showing much promise and evidence of human health benefits. Blackberries and Their Hybrids explains the many complex steps involved in producing a conventional or an organic crop for the fresh and processed markets, and: - Contains information gathered from global sources - Is appropriate for areas that can produce blackberries for the local, domestic and/or export markets - Includes full-color images throughout Authored by a team of experts, this book is essential for growers, extension workers, fruit industry personnel, students, and lecturers involved in the commercial production of blackberries and their hybrids.

Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Citizenship is always in dispute - in practice as well as in theory - but conventional perspectives do not address why the concept of citizenship is so contentious. This unique book presents a new perspective on citizenship by treating it as a continuing focus of dispute.The authors dispute the way citizenship is normally conceived and analysed within the social sciences, developing a view of citizenship as always emerging from struggle. This view is advanced through an exploration of the entanglements of politics, culture and power that are both embodied and contested in forms and practices of citizenship. This compelling view of citizenship emerges from the international and interdisciplinary collaboration of the four authors, drawing on the diverse disputes over citizenship in their countries of origin (Brazil, France, the UK and the US). The book is essential reading for anyone interested in the field of citizenship, no matter what their geographical, political or academic location.